Two years ago I wrote an article
about how carnivorous animals are oblivious to the taste of sweet
things: tigers, lions, dolphins, sea lions, and your cat cannot
differentiate between a bowl of sweet milk and a bowl of plain water.
But cetaceans, it seems, have lost more than just their sweet tooth.
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Dolphins in the Ocean World Park, HongKong. Image: Malcolm Tang |
Five basic types of taste exist: sour, sweet, bitter, salt, and
umami.
These five tastes can be distinguished by humans and are fundamental
for physical and ecological adaptations in mammals. Umami and sweet
tastes are attractive because they not only taste good, but are also
essential to the ingestion of protein-rich and nutritious food. Salt, at
low concentrations, is an attractive taste and is associated with
sodium reabsorption and basic functioning of cells and neurons. Bitter
tastes can cause taste aversion,thus protecting mammals from ingesting
toxic substances. Sour tastes are unpleasant and can prevent the
ingestion of unripe and decayed food resources.